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This page provides the referencing style for
CJDHR. The menus below provides a quick access to specific content areas.
Click on any of the title below for the journal reference style.
1. NAMES OF
AUTHOR(S)
The First
name (Christian name) should be spelled out in full.
The Middle name(s) (Given name) should be initialed without period.
The Last name (Surname or Family name) should be spelled out in full.
Examples:
First and
last name: Rose Tchamba
Middle name: Rose P Tchamba
Two middle names: Rose PH Tchamba
2. NUMBER
OF AUTHOR(S)
List the names of authors of all references up to the first
three authors.
Examples:
One author: Elvis N Mgome
Two authors: Elvis N Mgome & Jack Peterson
Three authors: Elvis N Mgome, Jack Peterson & Mark TG Muhatoula
More than 3 authors: Elvis N Mgome, Jack Peterson & Mark TG Muhatoula, et
al.
3. ABBREVIATIONS
1. All abbreviations should be spelled out in full
the first time used in the article
First time: United Nations
Subsequent: UN
2. Journal names
referenced in footnotes should be spelled out in full, for example,
South African Journal on Human Rights instead of SAJHR.
4. DATES
The acceptable date formats are as follows:
-
1 January 2008 not
January 1, 2008.
-
In the 1980s and
1990s not in the 80s and 90s.
-
From 2001 to 2003 or
from 2001 – 2003 not between 01-03.
-
Between 2005 and 2007
or between 2005 – 2007 not between 05-07.
5.
QUOTATIONS
Quotations should be clearly indicated by double quotation
marks. Single quotation marks should be used for quotes within quotes. Where
a quotation passage is more than about five lines long, it should be
indented as a separate paragraph with 10 font size, with a line space above
and below the paragraph. The indented paragraph should not carry quotation
marks. Quotations of articles or sections of a treaty, convention, or other
official document should be indented if the authors deem it necessary for
clarity of his paper, even if such quotations are less than five lines.
6. NUMBERING
The numbering of manuscripts should be done in
as follows:
1.
Numbers from one to ten should be spelt out in words unless they refer to
sections, articles or schedule numbers in statutes or official document.
Numbers from eleven may be spell out or written as figures at the discretion
of the author.
2. Authors should use percent not %, for example 50
percent instead of 50%.
3. Number for Manuscript subtitles should be done as follows:
1.
1.1.
2.
2.1.
2.2.a.
7. BOOKS
For book references, state the name(s) of author(s), a
comma, the name of the book in italics, edition if applicable, the year of
publication in brackets, a comma, the reference page, a period, the city/state/country of publication, a colon, and the name of the publisher.
Examples:
With edition:
Catherine F Owona, Politics in Cameroon 2nd ed (1990), p.
64. Yaounde: National Press.
Without
edition: Francis Fombang, Women and Grassroots Development in
Africa (2000), p. 109. Manchester: Road House Publishers.
More than 3
authors:Julie W Johnson, Rosa T Prague & Donna Dance, The Emergence of
Civil Society Activism after Independence (1984), p. 17. Lagos: Uche
Press International.
8. CHAPTER IN
BOOK
For chapter in book references, state the name(s) of
author(s),
a comma, the title of the chapter in single quotation marks, the
word “in”, the name of the editor(s), the word “(eds)” in brackets, a comma, the name
of the book in italics, the year of publication in brackets, a comma, the
reference page, a period,
the city/state/country of publication, a colon, and the
name of the publisher.
Examples:
One editor:
Mary B Luck, “Reinvigorating Nationalism and Patriotism after Civil Unrest”
in Peter Jacobs (ed) Post Conflict Challenges (1997), p. 49.
Johannesburg: Broadview Press.
Two editors: Jude
Ranger, “Poverty and the Quest for Democracy” in Simons Dow & Eva Jones (eds)
Strategies and Standards for Open Societies (1970), p. 87. Accra:
Ashumah Publishers.
9. JOURNAL ARTICLE
To reference journal articles, state the name(s) of
author(s), a comma, the title of the article in quotation marks, a comma,
the name of the journal in italics, a comma, the volume, number and/or issue
of the journal, the year of publication in brackets, a comma, and the
reference page.
Examples:
Issue only: Alain
Neyagawa, “African Consciousness and the Challenges of Lost Generation”,
Identity and Consciousness Quarterly, Issue. 25 (1996), p. 18.
No and vol:
Jovian Egbe, “Youths and Participative Democracy: The Case of Nigeria”,
Journal of Contemporary Youth Movement, Vol. 4, No. 2 (2001), p. 38.
10. NEWSPAPER
ARTICLE
To reference print and online newspaper articles, state the
name(s) of author(s), a comma, the title of the article in quotation marks,
a comma, the name of the newspaper in italics, a comma, the exact date and
year of publication, a comma, the reference page for print
articles, a period, the city and country of publication hyphenated. For online
articles, state the webpage of the article and the month and year it was
accessed.
Examples:
Print article:
Julius Boyoka, “Government Emphasize Technology Training in State
Universities”, The Herald Newspaper, 12-14 March 2000,
p. 12. Ndjamena.
Online article:
Kini Nsom, “Government
Postpones Implementation Of New Criminal Code”,
The Post Newspaper,
, Cameroon,
http://www.postnewsline.com/2006/07/govt_postpones_.html, accessed
in June 2008.
11.
UNPUBLISHED MATERIAL
(theses,
dissertations, and other works)
To reference an unpublished work, state the name(s) of
author(s), a comma, the title of the work/article/study, a comma, a
description of the work/article/study, the year in brackets, a comma, and
the reference page if in print or the webpage and the date it was accessed
by the author if online.
Examples:
Print:
Andrew Maggoty, “Learning from Blunders of the 1990s: Leaders
versus the People”, Masters thesis, University of Buea, Cameroon (1998), p.
26.
Online:
Debora Mans, “Leadership Challenges from Independence to Present: An
Appraisal of West African Countries”, Ph.D. dissertation, University of
Kampala, Uganda (1996), website, accessed
February 2002.
12. CONFERENCE
PAPERS
(presentations,
reports, and other papers)
To reference a conference paper, state the name(s) of
author(s), a comma, the title of the paper, a comma, a description of the
paper/conference in italics, the date of presentation in brackets, a comma, and the
reference page if in print or the webpage and the date it was accessed by
the author if online.
Examples:
Print: Sawyer Adam, "The Politics of Adjustment Policy",
paper presented at the
annual meeting of the International Conference on the Human Dimension of
Africa's Recovery and Development held in Khartoum, Sudan (March 1998), p. 20.
Online: Rachael Ekoto, “Lack of Legal Framework for the Protection of Violence
Against Women in Cameroon”, presentation on Behalf of Womens Actions network
before the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights, in Lome-Togo
(July 2000), website, accessed November
2005.
13. BOOK REVIEW
To reference a book review, state the name(s) of the
reviewer(s), a comma, the words “review of”, the title of the book
being reviewed and name
its author in inverted comma,
the name
of the journal in which the book review is published in italics, a comma, the volume,
number and/or issue of the journal, the year of publication in brackets, a
comma, and the page-length of the article in the journal.
Example:
Book review: Spitzer
Steven, Review of "The Limits of Law Enforcement by Hans Zeisel", American Journal of Sociology, vol. 91 (1985),
pp. 726-29.
14.
INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS
(treaties, charter, conventions, etc)
To reference little known international treaties, charters
and conventions, give the resolution and date of adoption, and where
applicable, the date the treaty came into force. Also give the
ILM reference where available.
If the ILM reference is not available, give UNTS reference or full UN
Doc or AU Doc reference. Also provide the web link to the treaty if
available. For most of the well-known multilateral treaties, instruments, UN
and AU documents, give the title and year of adoption, bibliographical
reference is optional.
Examples:
Less known:
Resolution on an International Development Strategy for the Third UN
Development Decade GA Res 35/56, UN Doc A35/56 (1981).
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 30 Oct 1947, Protocol Amending the
General Agreement to Introduce Part IV on Trade and Development and to Amend
Annex I (8 February 1965) 572 UNTS 320.
Well known: Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).
Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963).
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966).
International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (1966).
Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989).
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
(1980).
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